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Eminence Scan

AI failures

Documented cases where AI, or an automated system doing the same job, caused harm, a loss, a sanction or a retraction. Each case is checked against court records, regulator releases or established reporting. Each carries a lesson: the control that was missing, what would likely have prevented it, and what would have caught it sooner.

Last checked Reviewed twice a month

What the cases show

16%

of verified failures name the organization’s own review or monitoring among those who found the error. In the rest, only outsiders are recorded: a court, a client, a journalist, a researcher or the people affected.

The control that was missing

Counted across the cases with a reviewed lesson. A case can lack more than one control. Choose one to see its cases.

  1. Checking AI output against its sources37%
  2. Testing before use35%
  3. Monitoring and escalation19%
  4. Controls over input data17%
  5. A review that can actually catch the error17%
  6. A named owner and disclosure of AI use13%
  7. Oversight of suppliers' AI use13%
  8. Limits on what the system may decide or commit to11%
  9. Evidence behind claims about AI7%
  10. A way for affected people to challenge the decision6%
  11. Least access and separation from production4%
  12. Confirming requests through a separate channel2%

Fabricated contentHarmful outputIncorrect automated decisionOtherMisrepresented AI capabilityModel failureUnauthorized commitmentAutonomous destructive actionData exposureIdentity deception

What the cases teach

Where

World
World map: choose a countryFiji: no recordsTanzania: no recordsWestern Sahara: no recordsCanada: see its recordsUnited States: see its recordsKazakhstan: no recordsUzbekistan: no recordsPapua New Guinea: no recordsIndonesia: no recordsArgentina: no recordsChile: no recordsDR Congo: no recordsSomalia: no recordsKenya: no recordsSudan: no recordsChad: no recordsHaiti: no recordsDominican Republic: no recordsRussia: no recordsBahamas: no recordsFalkland Islands (Malvinas): no recordsNorway: no recordsGreenland: no recordsFrench Southern Territories: no recordsTimor-Leste: no recordsSouth Africa: no recordsLesotho: no recordsMexico: no recordsUruguay: no recordsBrazil: no recordsBolivia: no recordsPeru: no recordsColombia: no recordsPanama: no recordsCosta Rica: no recordsNicaragua: no recordsHonduras: no recordsEl Salvador: no recordsGuatemala: no recordsBelize: no recordsVenezuela: no recordsGuyana: no recordsSuriname: no recordsFrance: no recordsEcuador: no recordsPuerto Rico: no recordsJamaica: no recordsCuba: no recordsZimbabwe: no recordsBotswana: no recordsNamibia: no recordsSenegal: no recordsMali: no recordsMauritania: no recordsBenin: no recordsNiger: no recordsNigeria: no recordsCameroon: no recordsTogo: no recordsGhana: no recordsCôte d’Ivoire: no recordsGuinea: no recordsGuinea-Bissau: no recordsLiberia: no recordsSierra Leone: no recordsBurkina Faso: no recordsCentral African Republic: no recordsCongo: no recordsGabon: no recordsEquatorial Guinea: no recordsZambia: no recordsMalawi: no recordsMozambique: no recordsEswatini: no recordsAngola: no recordsBurundi: no recordsIsrael: no recordsLebanon: no recordsMadagascar: no recordsPalestine: no recordsThe Gambia: no recordsTunisia: no recordsAlgeria: no recordsJordan: no recordsUnited Arab Emirates: no recordsQatar: no recordsKuwait: no recordsIraq: no recordsOman: no recordsVanuatu: no recordsCambodia: no recordsThailand: no recordsLaos: no recordsMyanmar: no recordsVietnam: no recordsNorth Korea: no recordsSouth Korea: no recordsMongolia: no recordsIndia: see its recordsBangladesh: no recordsBhutan: no recordsNepal: no recordsPakistan: no recordsAfghanistan: no recordsTajikistan: no recordsKyrgyzstan: no recordsTurkmenistan: no recordsIran: no recordsSyria: no recordsArmenia: no recordsSweden: no recordsBelarus: no recordsUkraine: no recordsPoland: no recordsAustria: no recordsHungary: no recordsMoldova: no recordsRomania: no recordsLithuania: no recordsLatvia: no recordsEstonia: no recordsGermany: no recordsBulgaria: no recordsGreece: no recordsTürkiye: no recordsAlbania: no recordsCroatia: no recordsSwitzerland: no recordsLuxembourg: no recordsBelgium: no recordsNetherlands: no recordsPortugal: no recordsSpain: no recordsIreland: no recordsNew Caledonia: no recordsSolomon Islands: no recordsNew Zealand: see its recordsAustralia: see its recordsSri Lanka: no recordsChina: no recordsTaiwan: no recordsItaly: no recordsDenmark: see its recordsUnited Kingdom: see its recordsIceland: no recordsAzerbaijan: no recordsGeorgia: no recordsPhilippines: no recordsMalaysia: no recordsBrunei Darussalam: no recordsSlovenia: no recordsFinland: no recordsSlovakia: no recordsCzechia: no recordsEritrea: no recordsJapan: no recordsParaguay: no recordsYemen: no recordsSaudi Arabia: see its recordsN. Cyprus: no recordsCyprus: no recordsMorocco: no recordsEgypt: no recordsLibya: no recordsEthiopia: no recordsDjibouti: no recordsSomaliland: no recordsUganda: no recordsRwanda: no recordsBosnia and Herzegovina: no recordsNorth Macedonia: no recordsSerbia: no recordsMontenegro: no recordsKosovo: no recordsTrinidad and Tobago: no recordsSouth Sudan: no recordsHong Kong: see its records
United States
Map of the United States: choose a stateAlabama: no recordsAlaska: no recordsArizona: no recordsColorado: no recordsFlorida: see its recordsGeorgia: no recordsIndiana: no recordsKansas: no recordsMaine: no recordsMassachusetts: no recordsMinnesota: see its recordsNew Jersey: no recordsNorth Carolina: no recordsNorth Dakota: no recordsOklahoma: no recordsPennsylvania: no recordsSouth Dakota: no recordsTexas: see its recordsWyoming: see its recordsConnecticut: no recordsMissouri: see its recordsWest Virginia: no recordsIllinois: no recordsNew Mexico: no recordsArkansas: no recordsCalifornia: see its recordsDelaware: no recordsDistrict of Columbia: no recordsHawaii: no recordsIowa: no recordsKentucky: no recordsMaryland: see its recordsMichigan: see its recordsMississippi: no recordsMontana: no recordsNew Hampshire: no recordsNew York: see its recordsOhio: no recordsOregon: no recordsTennessee: no recordsUtah: no recordsVirginia: no recordsWashington: no recordsWisconsin: no recordsNebraska: no recordsSouth Carolina: no recordsIdaho: see its recordsNevada: no recordsVermont: no recordsLouisiana: no recordsRhode Island: no records

Records12–45–910 or moreNone

International or several countries

Records that match

  1. CanadaFabricated contentMay 14, 2026

    EY Canada — Loyalty-Fraud Report Withdrawn After GPTZero Finds Most References Hallucinated

    EY Canada's 44-page report 'Points of Attack: Uncovering Cyber Threats and Fraud in Loyalty Systems' (late 2025), credited to two partners and a senior manager, was examined by AI-detection company GPTZero, which found that most of its 27…

  2. United StatesFabricated contentFebruary 13, 2026

    Ars Technica Retracts Article Containing AI-Fabricated Quotations Attributed to Scott Shambaugh

    On February 13, 2026, Ars Technica published an article about an AI agent that had written a hit piece on open-source maintainer Scott Shambaugh (see fail-045).

  3. Hong KongFabricated contentDecember 17, 2025

    University of Hong Kong: associate dean steps down after AI-fabricated references found in retracted paper

    A paper on four decades of fertility change in Hong Kong, first-authored by an HKU doctoral student with Professor Paul Yip as corresponding author, was found to cite non-existent publications generated by AI; the AI use had not been decla…

  4. CanadaFabricated contentSeptember 26, 2025

    Reddy v Saroya: Alberta Court of Appeal holds lead counsel responsible for contractor's AI-fabricated citations

    In a civil-contempt appeal, the appellant's factum, drafted by a third-party contractor, cited cases that did not exist.

  5. Wyoming, United StatesFabricated contentFebruary 24, 2025

    Wadsworth v. Walmart Inc. — Morgan & Morgan Attorneys Fined for AI-Fabricated Citations

    In a product-liability suit against Walmart and Jetson Electric Bikes in the U.S.

  6. Texas, United StatesFabricated contentNovember 25, 2024

    Gauthier v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. — E.D. Texas Sanctions Lawyer for AI-Generated Nonexistent Cases and Quotations

    In a wrongful-termination suit against Goodyear in the Eastern District of Texas, plaintiff's counsel filed a summary-judgment response that cited two cases that do not exist and quotations that could not be found in the authorities cited.

  7. United StatesFabricated contentJuly 5, 2023

    Gizmodo (io9) — AI-Generated Star Wars Article Published With Factual Errors Over Editors' Objections

    G/O Media published an AI-generated article, 'A Chronological List of Star Wars Movies & TV Shows', on Gizmodo's io9 section under the byline 'Gizmodo Bot'.

  8. United StatesIncorrect automated decisionMarch 25, 2023

    Cigna PXDX — Doctors Deny 300,000+ Payment Claims in Batches, Averaging 1.2 Seconds per Case

    ProPublica and The Capitol Forum reported that Cigna used a system called PXDX in which an algorithm flagged claims whose diagnosis did not match the tests or procedures Cigna considered acceptable, and company medical directors signed off…

  9. Michigan, United StatesIncorrect automated decisionFebruary 16, 2023

    Detroit Police Facial Recognition — Wrongful Arrest of Pregnant Woman (Porcha Woodruff)

    Detroit police ran facial recognition on gas-station video in a carjacking investigation and the search produced Porcha Woodruff as a lead.

Using our research: you may read and quote Eminence Scan with credit to “Eminence Scan, Eminence Growth Solutions” and a link; all other rights reserved. Terms: Using our research.