HB 149 — Texas Responsible Artificial Intelligence Governance Act (TRAIGA)

Summary

The Texas Responsible Artificial Intelligence Governance Act (HB 149), signed on June 22, 2025, and effective January 1, 2026, regulates the development and deployment of AI systems in Texas. It prohibits developing or deploying AI that intentionally aims to incite self-harm, harm to others or criminal activity, or that is developed or deployed with intent to unlawfully discriminate against a protected class (disparate impact alone is not enough to show intent), along with other restricted uses; some duties, such as limits on social scoring, apply to governmental entities. The Attorney General has exclusive enforcement authority (state licensing agencies may add sanctions on the Attorney General's recommendation), with a notice-and-cure period, civil penalties of $10,000 to $12,000 per curable violation and $80,000 to $200,000 per uncurable violation, and no private right of action. The Department of Information Resources runs a regulatory sandbox in which approved participants may test AI systems for up to 36 months.

Key dates

1. June 22, 2025Enacted
2. January 1, 2026Takes effect
3. October 16, 2026Checked against sources
4. October 21, 2026Checked against sources

Developments are added when the record is reviewed. Next review: October 16, 2027.

Evidence

Each passage is quoted from its source. The quoted passages are re-checked against the live pages every month.

1. Effective on 1/1/26 06/22/2025 E Signed by the Governor 06/22/2025

   Supports: Signing and effective dates

   Relating to regulation of the use of artificial intelligence systems in this state; providing civil penalties.

   Supports: Caption

   89(R) History for HB 149 Texas Legislature Online Primary source

2. commit physical self-harm, including suicide;

   Supports: Prohibited manipulation

   intelligence system with the intent to unlawfully discriminate

   Supports: Intent-based discrimination prohibition

   For purposes of this section, a disparate impact is not

   Supports: Disparate impact not sufficient

   general has exclusive authority to enforce this chapter, except to

   Supports: Attorney General enforcement

   subject to, a private right of action for a violation of this

   Supports: No private right of action

   under Section 552.104(b)(2), not less than $10,000 and not more

   Supports: Curable-violation penalty

   uncurable, not less than $80,000 and not more than $200,000; and

   Supports: Uncurable-violation penalty

   regulatory sandbox program that enables a person to obtain legal

   Supports: Regulatory sandbox

   the program for a period of not more than 36 months.

   Supports: Sandbox test period

   This Act takes effect January 1, 2026.

   Supports: Effective date

   89(R) HB 149 – Enrolled version Texas Legislature Online Primary source