One Big Beautiful Bill (H.R. 1, 119th Congress): proposed 10-year moratorium on enforcement of state AI laws (struck by the Senate)

Summary

The House-passed version of H.R. 1, the budget reconciliation bill, contained a 10-year moratorium on states enforcing laws regulating AI; the House passed the bill 215 to 214 on May 22, 2025. In the Senate, an amendment led by Senator Marsha Blackburn with Senators Cantwell, Collins and Markey to strike the provision passed 99 to 1 on July 1, 2025. H.R. 1 was signed on July 4, 2025, as Public Law 119-21; a search of the enacted text found no state AI moratorium. The provision therefore never took effect. Federal preemption of state AI laws remains a live policy question, pursued since through EO 14365 and the White House's March 2026 legislative recommendations (see fed-003).

Key dates

1. May 22, 2025Issued
2. October 16, 2026Checked against sources
3. October 21, 2026Checked against sources

Developments are added when the record is reviewed. Next review: October 16, 2027.

Evidence

Each passage is quoted from its source. The quoted passages are re-checked against the live pages every month.

1. In a largely party-line vote of 215 to 214, House Republicans approved the so-called

   Supports: House vote 215-214

   would ban states from enforcing laws regulating artificial intelligence for 10 years

   Supports: Moratorium content

   US House Passes 10-Year Moratorium on State AI Laws Tech Policy Press Reporting or analysis

2. In a 99-1 vote, the Senate passed the bipartisan amendment to cut the provision spearheaded by Senator Marsha Blackburn, R-Tenn.

   Supports: Senate struck the provision 99-1

   By Alexandra Kelley | July 1, 2025

   Supports: Date of Senate vote report

   Senate overwhelmingly passes amendment removing state AI moratorium Nextgov/FCW Reporting or analysis

3. Public Law 119-21 119th Congress An Act To provide for reconciliation pursuant to title II of H. Con. Res. 14.

   Supports: Enacted as Pub. L. 119-21

   July 4, 2025 – [H.R. 1]

   Supports: Enactment date

   Public Law 119-21, enrolled text U.S. Government Publishing Office (govinfo) Primary source